Motion picture studios want to control the home
release of movies in different countries because
theater releases aren't simultaneous (a movie may
come out on video in the U.S. when it's just
hitting screens in Europe). Also, studios sell
distribution rights to different foreign
distributors and would like to guarantee an
exclusive market. Therefore they have required that
the DVD standard include codes that can be used to
prevent playback of certain discs in certain
geographical regions. Each player is given a code
for the region in which it's sold. The player will
refuse to play discs that are not allowed in that
region. This means that discs bought in one country
may not play on players bought in another country.
Regional codes are entirely optional for the maker
of a disc. Discs without codes will play on any
player in any country. It's not an encryption
system, it's just one byte of information on the
disc that the player checks. Some studios
originally announced that only their new releases
will have regional codes, but so far almost all
releases play in only one region. Region codes are
a permanent part of the disc, they won't "unlock"
after a period of time. There are 8 regions (also
called "locales"). Players and discs are identified
by the region number superimposed on a world globe.
If a disc plays in more than one region it will
have more than one number on the globe.
1: Canada, U.S., U.S. Territories
2: Japan, Europe, South Africa, Middle East
(including Egypt)
3: Southeast Asia, East Asia (including Hong Kong)
4: Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Central
America, Mexico, South America, Caribbean
5: Former Soviet Union, Indian Subcontinent, Africa
(also North Korea, Mongolia)
6: China
7: Reserved
8: Special international venues (airplanes, cruise
ships, etc.)
Some players can be modified to play discs
regardless of their regional codes. This usually
voids the warranty. Some discs, such as those from
Buena Vista/Touchstone/Miramax, MGM/Universal, and
Polygram contain program code that checks for the
proper region. These "smart discs" won't play on
code-free players that have their region set to 0,
but they can be played on code-switchable players
that allow you to change the region using the
remote control. They may also not work on
"auto-switching" players that recognize and match
the disc region. Regional codes also apply to
DVD-ROM systems, but are allowed for use only with
DVD-Video discs, not DVD-ROM discs containing
computer software. Computer playback systems check
for regional codes before playing movies from a
DVD-Video. Newer "RPC2" DVD-ROM drives let you
change the region code several times. Once a drive
has reached the limit (usually 5 changes) it can't
be changed again unless the vendor or manufacturer
resets it. Information and software for
circumventing DVD-ROM region restrictions are
available from various Internet sites. Regional
codes do not apply to DVD-Audio.
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